Architecturewriter

Here's a double German and English post on participatory housing projects and two publications I authored that recently came out. Zeitgenössischer und gemeinnütziger Wohnungsbau – partizipativ geplant, individuell angeeignet, architektonisch angemessen – verspricht mehr als nur Raum. Ihre prozesshafte Entstehung bietet Beständigkeit. In einer Welt, in der Anonymität und Wandel zum Risiko werden, können sich Bewohner auf diese Weise Orte aneignen, die als fester Bezugspunkt dienen – unverwechselbar, verlässlich, bezahlbar. Oft sind sie Zentren sozialen und nachbarschaftlichen Lebens. "Arbeitersiedlungen – eine Antwort auf die Wohnungskrise?" ist erschienen in urban.matters 05/2025, herausgegeben von Alexander Gutzmer für Ehret + Klein. Inhalt: Sie funktionieren wie Kleinstädte, sind aber letztlich künstlich konzipierte Räume: die Arbeitersiedlungen, in denen große Unternehmen lange ihre Arbeitenden unterbrachten. Interessant – aber auch ein Modell für die Zukunft? Arbeit...

Critical Void encapsulates everything the Nexialist Organization set out to do: create projects at the intersection of architecture, music, and visual design through shared creative methods and theoretical inquiry.  A site-specific audio analysis and performance, Critical Void examined the planning crisis of Munich’s MaximiliansForum through sound, dialogue, and documentation. Critical Void performance, MaximiliansForum München. Photos: Andreas Graf  Critical Void is an analytical audio work based on an urban study of Munich’s MaximiliansForum and its complex planning history. Developed by Z’EV and Mark Kammerbauer, the project combined interviews, archival research, and live performance into a sonic investigation of urban transformation. The MaximiliansForum, located beneath the intersection of Maximilianstraße and Altstadtring, was originally conceived as a traffic tunnel but repurposed as a pedestrian underpass and later as an art space. Its ambiguous spat...

Urban Evolution was a key performance that materialized the ethos of the Nexialist Organization as a transdisciplinary platform connecting architecture, music, and visual design through shared creative methods and theoretical inquiry. A public-space performance in Weimar, Urban Evolution visualized cycles of construction and destruction to explore the city as a living, self-transforming system. Cities embody the continuous processes of building, destruction, and renewal — processes triggered by crisis, politics, or market forces. Urban Evolution sought to make these transformations visible and experiential through a live performance on the Theaterplatz in Weimar, Germany. Developed within a research project at Bauhaus-Universität Weimar, the work reimagined urban history as a performative cycle of creation, collapse, and rebirth. Temporary structures made of wooden frames and cardboard (3.5 × 3.5 × 7 feet) were moved by individual performers across the square. As they...

On 29 August 2005 Hurricane Katrina made landfall in Louisiana. The storm caused catastrophic flooding in New Orleans as the flood protection system failed. Nearly all residents evacuated, not all returned. The recovery was complicated by disparate planning attempts. In 2019 TOPOS published my series on snapshots of the city, slightly edited for this presentation.        Lower Ninth Ward floodwall. Kammerbauer, 2017 New Orleans, the „Crescent City“, the „Sliver by the River“: on August 29th Hurricane Katrina triggered a catastrophic disaster in the city, followed by a dysfunctional response and a flawed recovery. Before Katrina, New Orleans was already scarred by racial inequality and social vulnerability that can be retraced within the urban fabric, indicating who lives in which neighborhood and why. The flood evacuation and resulting nationwide diaspora led to a dramatic decline in the number of residents. Eventually the city reached 90 percent of its pre-Katrin...

Katrina at 20: Evacuation is a common strategy to protect populations from the impact of disasters. This was also true in New Orleans during Hurricane Katrina. The big problem was that evacuation was contingent on car ownership, leading to highly stressful post-landfall search-and-rescue and evacuation procedures. And while many long-term evacuees eventually found a new home and a new job in cities they were displaced to, Houston being the most significant destination, the process raises serious planning questions. In particular, vulnerable New Orleanians were left with little to no choice regarding their displacement. Is it possible to "design" such a process, by giving people a choice which way forward they prefer once they have been evacuated to safe havens in the surrounding region? My contribution on "Schismourbanism as Design" was published in Yana Milev's extensive edited volume "Design Anthropology". On 29 August 2005 Hurricane Katrina made lan...

Katrina at 20: For German architecture magazine BAUWELT, I reviewed the situation in New Orleans ten years after the storm. Despite the difficult recovery, the hurricane inspired new approaches to environmentally sound urban planning ("Dutch Dialogs") and corresponding water-sensitive planning projects in the city (the Urban Water Plan and the Mirabeau Water Gardens). Figurehead of these initiatives is the office of Waggonner & Ball Architects. I had the opportunity to speak with David Waggonner in person and remotely on the firm's inspiring projects aimed at living with, and not against the water. On 29 August 2005 Hurricane Katrina made landfall in Louisiana. The storm caused catastrophic flooding in New Orleans as the flood protection system failed. Nearly all residents evacuated, not all returned. The recovery was complicated by disparate planning attempts.

Katrina at 20: In the context of urban climate risks, it is important to acknowledge that urban planning and emergency management planning and preparedness are two different planning domains. The related institutions are more often than not staffed by professionals from completely different academic backgrounds. The first relates to everyday planning in cities with the aim of achieving sustainability and resilience, against the background of uneven development and differential access to resources that cities offer. The second encompasses planning for urban disaster recovery and reconstruction in order to facilitate rebuilding efforts after a storm, a flood, an earthquake or another kind of natural hazard caused destruction of the built fabric. One of the lessons learned in the second case is that a return to "normal" or a condition that (presumably) existed prior to the impact of disaster is inadequate to make cities and their citizens resilient against future disasters. The ...

One recovery planning aim in New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina would have been simple – for the Road Home program to prioritize the rebuilding of small rental properties, thereby recreating multiple residential units at once, which would have allowed many more residents evacuated to distant locations to return and rebuild their homes without needing FEMA trailers, which never materialized in sufficient quantities anyway. Why didn't rebuilding the city after the storm happen that way? Why the obsession with single family home construction in a city with such a high share of renters before the storm? "Early on 29 August 2005 Hurricane Katrina made landfall and resulted in the failure of the city’s flood protection system, the submergence of urbanized areas in floodwater, environmental problems through debris, contamination, and accelerated coastal erosion, and the death of almost 2,000 people. The city was confronted with “severe but not catastrophic winds, record rainfa...

Katrina at 20: In 2012 I was awarded a doctorate at the Bauhaus University Weimar for my research on planning in New Orleans in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina. After identifying the reasons why residents couldn't return and rebuild following evacuation, I concluded that the focus on single family homeownership during the reconstruction phase led to a recovery bottleneck particularly among vulnerable populations – African Americans who owned properties of low value or were renters. Property value was the determinant for how much funding homeowners would receive from the Road Home program. And the focus on single family residences didn't solve the problem where prospective returnees would live during their individual rebuilding process. My proposal was to focus on small rental properties as pilot projects of recovery. They were common in the city before Katrina, fit into neighborhoods of various density, and would allow multiple returnees a place to stay before their actual h...

One of the most unexpected things that developed in the course of my research on environmental change and cities was that I started analyzing how insurance facilitates adaptation – or fails to do so. Together with my research partners, I published my results based on various case studies. State institutions or private market corporations can provide insurance against natural hazards, they can offer incentives for adaptation (cf. through the NFIP provided by FEMA in the USA), and they sometimes demand that their insurance holders rebuild the status quo ante (cf. Ahrtal, Germany). The latter neither reduces risk nor vulnerability, both key tenets of the Sendai Framework. Now, a Member of the Board of Management of German insurance company Allianz SE posted a startling article at Linkedin on the possible impact of climate change not only on insurance companies, but the entire global economic system. In the article, the alternative to reducing or avoiding climate impacts, i.e. "busine...

About one third of the texts featured in my book "Bavarität – Krisenbewältigung im baukulturellen Raum" are based on previously published contributions of different kinds. When I began working on the book concept, I had a much larger selection of published and unpublished texts that I considered including in the book. This was also the case for a group of texts that dealt with the coronavirus pandemic and its impact on the way we inhabit the built environment of Bavaria (and elsewhere). They are good, but they didn't fit into the book. And a blog is a great place to make them available. So I begin today with a brief series of outtakes. The first one is in English and essentially a photo report: De­ser­ted Ci­ti­es of the Heart For a long time, world city with a heart – “Weltstadt mit Herz” – was the official marketing slogan of the city of Munich. Nowadays, like any city subject to a stay-at-home-order aimed at mitigating the impact of the Corona pandemic, it is more akin...

Time flies when you're having an insightful and fun discussion with colleagues on issues you care about. This was the case at the 8th University Day for National Urban Development Policy on „Shaping the Future in Uncertain Times - Paving the Way for a New Planning Culture“, 2nd and 3rd June 2023. Hosted by János Brenner, Detlef Kurth and Silke Weidner, Bohdan Cherkes, Stefan Greiving and I had the opportunity to propose a number of talking points for discussion with the audience, under the watchful eye of the witty Julian Wékel. Our forum topic was "Rethinking Resilience – Security and Critical Infrastructure as Planning Tasks." A key takeaway was that it is entirely justified to talk about destruction to cultural landscapes and cities due to either war, environmental disaster, or both in a joint manner – since the impact of each of them has become ubiquitous due to rapid changes to political and natural contexts. Posting the four related pages from the pdf documentation ...

In "Bavarity", one footnote deals with phenomena that are evoked in the context of architecture and urban planning time and again. These phenomena are of central importance to chapter five and the "Space for Visionary Things" it focuses on. Aura and atmosphere – both are ephemeral, even elusive. We can feel them, but they remain intangible. Nevertheless, they are important to how we perceive the built space of architecture and the city. Footnote number 23 on page 102 indicates that there are pioneers of this mode of perception. They are commonly known as "flaneurs": "Hassenpflug (2006) points out that the aura and what is considered auratic comprise phenomena that can trigger an emotional response. In this manner, they can also serve as basis for creating the atmospheric character of a space – and how to recognize it. The capacity for recognizing auratic phenomena is, in return, a core characteristic of urban actors known a...

One thing I enjoy about footnotes is that they can serve to deliberate on certain topics beyond the scope of the book they are included in. As an urbanist, this refers to all terminology in use to describe the city, the urban way of life, the architecture as its facilitator, as well as the open and public space of cities. This is also the case in the footnote on page 83 of "Bavarity". The chapter on "Space for Housing" it is featured in deals with the housing crisis in cities and how to solve it. For this purpose, a basic understanding and differentiation of cities in history is foundational: "As Hassenpflug (2006) states, the synecism of the historic European city can be understood as cooperative settlement of long distance traders, merchants and craftspeople (p. 41) with the aim of forming a fraternity based on self-rule and the avoidance of a central authority. This notion is typical to European urban culture and the way it avoids central auth...

Did I already mention that I'm a big fan of footnotes? "Bavarity" features a number of footnotes that I enjoyed writing. They offer room for detail and the opportunity to clarify things, based on available literature. They also allow authors to make a statement. In chapter three on "Space for Building Culture", the footnote on page 43 presented here allowed me to harmonize different understandings and conceptualizations of different forms of culture. All of them are relevant to an understanding of building culture that is fundamental to the book. The fact that I refer to the great structuralist, Claude Lévi-Strauss, shouldn't come as a surprise to readers: "I propose a notion of building culture that is based on the idea of culture as proposed by Lévi-Strauss (1977): "Culture consists of intrinsic forms of exchange (such as language)" as well as "rules that are applicable to all kinds of 'games of exchange', whether...

Certain books feature footnotes – that is no secret. I like them, as a reader and as an author. I use them in order to offer an additional level of detail or to point out something interesting. In the case of the footnote in "Bavarity – Coping with Crisis in the Space of Building Culture" presented in this post, I elaborated on a certain notion that I have been working on for quite some time. When crisis occurs, there is often talk of a desired "return to normal". The question is whether that is actually desirable. Was there a condition in place prior to the crisis that can be defined as "normalcy" or "normality" for all impacted populations? And, is this condition worth recreating? Quite a number of assumptions are tied to the notion of "returning to normal". From the perspective of planning, they require critical inquiry. The footnote on page 28 of the chapter on "Space as Crisis" states accordingly: "The...

Every scientific book features footnotes. This is also the case for "Bavarity – Coping with Crisis in the Space of Building Culture". In fact, I actually enjoy footnotes. They expand the horizon, they offer room for elaboration and they are fun. This also applies to the footnote in chapter one on "Space as Text" selected for this post. I am fascinated by the notion that the city is a phenomenon that can be "read" like a book. Reading the city opens the door to understanding what is read in a qualified manner. Readers find the following footnote on page 6: "The notion that cities permit reading them is an invention of 19th century feuilleton writers. It is rooted in the idea that nature and the world itself can be read, similar to a text. The urbanist perspective advanced in this book views the city as a system that is embedded in the natural environment. Its built subsystems and units are represented by architecture. Partial to the urba...